Tools in Wide Distribution Computer Forensics in Taiwan :: Technology Computers Essays

Tools in Wide Distrisolelyion Computer Forensics in Taiwan Back in the days when exclusively computers are pretty much standalone entities in the world, each unit is self-contained and does not pose much threat. Similarly in politics, when patches of little disgruntle tribal groups here and there are kept in isolation, there was not much threat to a dominating foreign government. However, when the internet becomes available to either computer users around the world, it is like uniting all the little tribal groups under one umbrella and the potential threat is much greater. Now the dissatisfied group can pool resources and recruit an army to overthrow the foreign government. The government will react to impose more certification measures and bring in more knights and better artillery to maintain order. Similarly, cyber criminals can now have access to the world and can communicate with other criminals across the globe in conspiring against certain institute for whatever purpose s. Then internet security communities will impose more secure measures such as network secure configurations (DMZ), honey-pots (traps or bait for the unknowing cyber-criminal), or implement more secure software so that cyber attacks is mitigated. These security measures taken both by the government and the internet security community provide preventive measures, at best. What happens when this line of defense is breached? One can take all the vitamin c to prevent from getting a cold, but what happens on the day when a cold is caught? One goes to the doctor and gets antibiotics and cold medicine to combat the virus the government will try to bring in more troops to combat the rebellion. However, what of the inter world? That is where computer forensics comes in, to treat/fix the hole and bring the culprit to justice. Therefore, where software security bring forward prevention, computer forensics, incidence response, calls for treatment. What exactly is computer forensics? It is a to olbox of science, which contains tools and methodologies to recover both passwords and deleted data, to analyze network traffic and logon/logoff times, to snoop and sniff out, as secret agents do, rotten apples in the barrel. Due to the nature of each incident, the nature of the case may be legal, political, business, or technical oriented. Consequently, one could gather how much a computer means in peoples lifestyles nowadays. Nevertheless, computer forensics team (aka incident response team) are popping up around the world, due to the global nature of the internet, which makes it a lot harder for local law authorities to oversea and prosecute local crimes executed remotely outside the country.

Douglas Macarthur :: Biography Biographies Bio

Douglas MacArthur, the son of the high-ranking military figure, Arthur MacArthur, was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, on 26th January, 1880. Although previously a poor scholar, in 1903 MacArthur graduated first in his 93-man class, at West demo Military Academy. Commissioned in the Corps of the Engineers, MacArthur was sent by the United States Army to the Philippines and by 1904 had been promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. Later that year he joined his father who was serving in Far East before becoming aide-de-camp to death chair Theodore Roosevelt in 1906.MacArthur was assigned to general staff duty with the warfare Department and was an official observer with the Vera Cruz Expedition. On the advice of General Leonard Wood, MacArthur was promoted to major.In the First World War MacArthur commanded the 42nd Division on the Western Front and was decorated 13 times and cited seven additional times for bravery. Promoted the the rank of brigadier in August, 1918, trio months lat er he became the youngest divisional commander in France.After the war MacArthur returned to the United States where he became brigadier general and the youngest ever superintendent of West Point in its 117 year history. Over the next three years he doubled its size and modernized the curriculum.In 1922 MacArthur was sent to the Philippines where he commanded the newly ceremonious Military District of Manila. At the age of forty-three MacArthur became the forces youngest general and in 1928 was appointed president of the American Olympic Committee.MacArthur was appointed chief of staff of the US Army in 1930. Once again he was the youngest man to hold the office and over the next few years attempted to modernize Americas army of 135,000 men. MacArthur developed right-wing political views and at one meeting argued that Pacifism and its bedfellow, Communism, are all about us. Day by day this cancer eat deeper into the body politic. In June 1932, MacArthur, controversially used tank s, four troops of cavalry with drawn sabers, and infantry with fixed bayonets, on the Bonus Army in Washington. He justified his attack on former members of the United States Army by claiming that the country was on the verge of a communist revolution. Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton also took part in this operation. The radical journalist, Drew Pearson, was highly critical of MacArthurs actions. MacArthurs ex-wife, Louise Cromwell, provided Pearson with confidential information about her former husband.

Richard Whites Friendship and Commitment :: Friends Morals Loyalty Papers

Richard whitenesss Friendship and Commitment In this paper, I will examine the duties of friendship. I will look at arguments in favor of the view that there are special moral duties involved in friendship, but will ultimately reject this view. I will wherefore explain what role I see friendship having in morality even without these duties. In Richard Whites article Friendship and Commitment, White repugns that friendship is an inherently moral activity (81). He argues that part of being a friend is having certain obligations, like being helpful or emotionally available. These are obligations that are above and beyond what we owe to a stranger. He also thinks that being a friend involves a commitment. He says specifically, when I give time with someone, accept their help, and make myself available to that person, by sharing the more intimate aspects of myself, I am also creating an expectation that is equivalent to a commitment, granted the institutio n of friendship and all that it commonly entails (82). In being someones friend, aside from the commitments and obligations, he argues, you are also morally endorsing her. That is, you are implicitly saying that there is something valuable near them that your friend is someone worth knowing. Let us suppose that all of this is actually the case that friendship genuinely does imply certain commitments, obligations, and endorsements. Do any of these matter morally? Ill address endorsements first, followed by obligations and commitments. When someone is your friend, this seems to imply that you think there is something valuable about that person. But the things I find valuable in her might have nothing to do with morality for instance, she might be intelligent and able to argue effectively. She might make me laugh. She might be fun to be with. None of these are morally relevant, and yet a combination of them would probably be fitted for me to be frien ds with someone. As such, it seems that being a friend with someone does not actually imply a moral endorsement of that person.

Puritanism, and The Salem Witch Trials :: essays papers

Puritanism, and The capital of Oregon Witch TrialsPuritanism refers to the movement of reform, which occurred within the Church of England. It began at the time of the Elizabethan settlement of 1559 and cease at the end of the Rump Parliament with the ascension of Charles II to the British throne in 1660. The American Puritans clearly understood that Gods word applies to all of life. Their model(a) lives and faith, contrary to popular myths, are a highpoint of Christian thinking. Puritan legal history specifies some of their loyalties and compromises. Today, scholars continue their dispute over the degree to which the Puritan colonists influenced American law, morality, and culture. In the area of law, this image is supplemented by lurid accounts of witch trials and corporal public punishments. The best example of this was during the seventeenth century. The Salem witch trials began in 1692, and lasted slight than a year. The first arrests were made on March 1, 1692 and t he final hanging day was September 22, 1692. The first noted arrest, was of Tituba, a Carib Indian from Barbados. She was Reverend Samuel Parris slave. Her utilization in the witch trials includes the arrest and confession of witchcraft on March 1, 1692. In January of 1692, the daughter and niece of Reverend Samuel Parris became very ill. When she failed to improve, the village doctor, William Griggs, was called in. After much deliberation, Griggs reason out that the problem was witchcraft. This put into motion the forces that would ultimately result in the death of nineteen men and women. In addition to those nineteen people, one man named Giles Corey was depressed to death. Seventeen others died in prison and the lives of many were irrevocably changed. To better understand the events of the Salem witch trials, it is necessary to understand the time period in which the accusations of witchcraft occurred. There were the ordinary stresses of 17th-century life in Massach usetts Bay Colony. A strong belief in the devil, factions among Salem Village fanatics, and rivalry with nearby Salem Town all played a part in the stress. There was also a recent small pox epidemic and the threat of an antiaircraft by warring tribes created a fertile ground for fear and suspicion. Soon prisons were filled with more than 150 men and women from towns surrounding Salem.

Investigating the Effect of Resistance on a Capacitor Circuit :: Papers

Investigating the Effect of Resistance on a Capacitor Circuit Method We go forth set up the following locomote. We will measure the capacitor pd. (Vc) with the cell connected. Then we will remove the cell and connect prognosticate A to point B, at the same moment starting a stopwatch. We will record the length of condemnation (t) for the Vc to decay to 3.75 Volts. We intend to repeat this procedure using contrasting resistors. IMAGE Resistance (kW) Time (s) 33 33 68 72 100 97 150 153 330 320 680 584 Conclusion From the graph we can clearly see that the time taken for the capacitor to discharge is directly proportional to the exemption. This is because the graph shows a definite straight line going through or near close to of the points. This style that the higher resistor you use the longer it will take for the capacitor to discharge. The experiment has therefore proved the prediction correct i.e. the resistance shoul d be directly proportionate to the time taken for the capacitor to de-charge. This can be explained by the following Capacitors store electrical charge. When current is passing through the circuit the capacitor charges up as the current cant jump between the gap of the two plates but charge is held there because of the force of the opposite poles. This means that more(prenominal) and more electricity is stored until it reaches its full capacity. But when the circuit is broken the capacitor de-charges releasing electricity through the circuit. The resistor slows down the current causing congestion and means that the capacitor has to de-charge slower because only a limited amount of charge can travel through a circuit with a high resistance at any one given time. Evaluation The method was a good way of carrying out the experiment as it was quite easy to brook once the circuit was connected, the results seem

Is Collusion Possible :: essays papers

Is Collusion Possible1. Introduction. In this essay I would discuss the price and output determination under the one and only(a) substantive type of imperfect competition markets- oligopoly. Inter-firm interactions in imperfect markets take many forms. Oligopoly theory, those name refers to competition among the few, lack unambiguous results of these interactions unlike monopoly and perfect competition. thither is a variety of results derived from many different behavioural assumptions, with each specific model potentially relevant to certain real-world situations, but not to other(a)s. Here we atomic number 18 interested in the strategic reputation of competition between firms. Strategic means the dependence of each persons proper choice of action on what he expects the other to do. A strategic move of a person influences the other persons choice, the other persons expectation of how would this particular person behave, in order to produce the halcyon outcome for him. 2. Two types of behaviour (Collusive and non-collusive). Models of enterprise decision making in oligopoly derive their special features from the fact that firms in an oligopolistic industry are interdependent and this is effected by these firms. When there are only a few producers, the reaction of rivals should be taken into account. There are two broad approaches to this problem. First, oligopolists may be thought of as agreeing to co-operate in setting price and quantity. This would be the Collusive model. According to this model, firms agree to act together in their price and quantity decisions and this would to just now the same outcome as would have been under monopoly. Thus the explicit or co-operative collusion or Cartel would take place. Second approach of the oligopoly analysis is based on the assumption that firms do not co-operate, but make their decisions on the basis of guesses, expectations, about the variables to which their competitors are reaching and ab out the form and the nature of the reactions in question. The Non-collusive behaviour deals with this model. Here, though in equilibrium the expectations of each firm about the reactions of rivals are realised, the parties never actually communicate directly with each other about their likely reactions. The extreme case of this can even imply competitive behaviour. Such a situation is much less profitable for firms than the one in which they share the monopolistic profit. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the case of the possibility of collusion between firms in order to reach the monopolistic win for the industry, assuming that they do not co-operate with each other.

KingJewels: Ethical Leadership Practice Essay

1. Discuss how the lead style may have contributed to unethical behavior. When the caller-up was first founded by Andy Wong it was ran using a hands-on leadership style. He believed a good vision and direction were critical leadership qualities. He always said you do non strain commitment to, or an sympathy of, a companys vision and mission without actively pursuing and practicing it at every opportunity. However, when he began spending close of his time travelling to the US and Canada and taking care of business development and marketing he put Clement Tam in charge of operations (KingJewels Ethical Leadership Practice, 2010) .Tams primary responsibility was worldwide gem sourcing. Tam, however, looking at their bonuses began accepting lower-quality gemstones and continuing to sell them at the approach pattern price. He was likewise using businesses owned by his uncle, Peter Tam, and was receiving attractive rebates for ordering from them. Johnathan Ho, the head of productio n and authentication used a dictatorial leadership style. He often made decisions without consulting his colleagues. He allowed the lower-quality gemstones to be used in manufacturing the jewelry. By Wong leaving Tam almost overseeing the whole company and not retention better checks on him this allowed Tam to engage in unethical behavior.2. Discuss how the proper segregation of duties could have prevented Tam from fraudulently sourcing the gems. Tam was Operations managing director and in charge of Gem Sourcing. This would allow him to fraudulently source the gems because he had to sign off on them anyway. He should not have been allowed to hold both positions in the business, especially when one was over the other. Also his sister, Tam Wai Man, was in charge of Finance.3. Discuss how the companys compensation plan contributed to the deceptive behavior. The companys annual bonuses are tied to the growth target. If the growth target is not met the employees do not receive their bo nuses. Tam thought that by buying a lower-quality gemstone at a cheaper price and then selling it as a high-quality gemstone at the normal price that he could guarantee that the company met their projected growth target, therefore receiving their bonuses.4. Discuss how culture may have influenced the employees attitude towards exposing Tam. Even if the employees were not involved, most of them would be algophobic to express their opinions or to question unethical and potentially illegal business practices. Furthermore, such practices were common and went unquestioned in China. Employees were handsomely rewarded for their job efforts and it was of no rice beer to them to report such incidents that could jeopardize the job stability (KingJewels Ethical Leadership Practice, 2010) .5. How would you recommend Wai Man proceed? concord to HKICPA a pro controller should not be associated with reports, returns, communications, or other information where they believe that the informati on a) contains a materially false or misleading statement, b) contains statements or information furnished recklessly, or c) omits or obscures information required to be included where such omission or obscurity would be misleading (Chan, 2004) . According to section 100.17 When initiating either a formal or informal conflict resolution process, a professional accountant should consider the following, either individually or together with others, as mathematical function of the resolution process a) relevant facts, b) ethical recurrences involved, c) fundamental principles related to the matter in question, d) established internal procedures, and e) alternative courses of action.Having considered all these issues, a professional accountant should determine the appropriate course of action that is consistent with the fundamental principles identified. The professional accountant should also weight the consequences of each possible course of action (Chan, 2004) . According to secti on 120.1 The principle of objectivity imposes an obligation on all professional accountants not to compromise their professional or business judgment because of bias, conflict of care or the undue influence of others. Section 120.2 states that a professional accountant may be exposed to situations that may impair objectivity. It is impracticable to define and prescribe all such situations. Relationships that bias or unduly influence the professional judgment of the professional accountant should be avoided (Chan, 2004) .According to section 140.2 A professional accountant should maintain confidentiality even in a social environment. The professional accountant should be alert to the possibility of inadvertent disclosure, particularly in passel involving long association with a business associate or a close or immediate family member (Chan, 2004) . According to section 150.1 The principle of professional behavior imposes an obligation on professional accountants to comply with r elevant laws and regulations and avoid any action that may bring discredit to the profession. This includes actions which a reasonable and sure third party, having knowledge of all relevant information, would conclude negatively affects the good reputation of the profession (Chan, 2004) .According to section 310.1 A professional accountant in business should support the legitimate and ethical objectives established by the employer and the rules and procedures drawn up in support of those objectives (Chan, 2004) . After reviewing the HKICPA Codes of Ethic for Professional Accountants Wai Man should school a report containing all the information that she has found and go to Wong with it. She should be prepared for her brother to be properly punished for what he did while understanding that she could also be punished for not saying anything when it first came to her attention.She should suggest that Wong not leave Tam in charge of operations since that places him as her supervisor. She should also suggest that Wong employee an internal control group that would help prevent something like this from happening again. If Wong does not agree or is unwilling to do anything about the issue at hand Wai Man, as a professional accountant, should resign from her position with the company.

Night World : The Chosen Chapter 15

The sound of her own vocalisation sent Rashel spinning step to the fore of the light.It was as if she were emerging from deep water- from one world into another. Or as if she werere-entering her own body. For a moment everything was confusion, and Rashel wasnt sure of w present shewas or how she was positioned and thence she felt her arms and legs and power saw yellow light. Lamplight.She was in an upstairs room in a mansion on a private island, and Quinn was h former(a)ing her.They had somehow ended up on the floor, half kneeling, half supported by the w every, their arms around apiece other, Rashels head on his shoulder. She had no idea when hed stopped biting her. She also hadno idea how much time had passed.She coughed a little, shaken by what had just happened. That other place, with the light-it still line upmedmore real than the hard shiny boards of the floor underneath her and the white walls of the room. tho italso seemed encased in its own reality. Like a dream. She di dnt k without delay if they would ever be able to ca-caback thither again.Quinn? He was Quinn again. Not John.Yes.Do you know what happened? I mean, do you understand it?I work out, he utter, and his representative was gentle and precise, that sharing blood privy spike a telepathicbond. Ive always been able to block it out when I fed forwards, barely He didnt finish.But it happened that other time. Or something uniform it happened. When I first met you.Yes. Well. Well, I return its theres something called He gave up and resorted to nonverbalcommunication. on that points something called the soulmate principle. Ive neer believed in it. Ive laughed atpeople who talked about it. I would have bet my smell that-What is it, Quinn? Rashel had heard of it, too, especially recently. But it wasnt something from herworld, and she indirect requested a Night Person to explain.Its the idea that everyone has one and just one soul-mate in the world, and that if you find them, yourecog nize them immediately. And well, thats that.But its not supposed to happen between universe and Night People. Right?There are some people who think that it is happening-now-for some reason-especially between humansand Night People. The Redferns seem to be getting it in particular. There was a pause, then Quinn verbalisealoud, I should probably apologize to some of them, actually. He sounded bemused.Rashel sit down up, which was difficult. She didnt want to let go of Quinn. He kept h onetime(a) of her fingers, whichhelped a little.He looked more mussed than he had down near the wharf, his neat hair disordered, his eyeball large anddark and dazed. She met his gaze directly. You think were soulmates?Well. He blinked. Do you have a better explanation?No. She took a breath. Do you still want to energize me a vampire?He stared at her, and something flamed and then fell in pain in his eye. For an instant he looked as ifshed hit him-then all she could see was regret. Oh, Rashel In one motion he caught her and held her.His reckon was pressed to her hair. She could feel him breathing equivalent some stricken creature-and then shefelt him repossess control, grabbing discipline from somewhere, wrapping himself in it. He rested his chin onher head. Im sorry you have to ask that, moreover I understand. I dont want to make you a vampire. I want-I want you to be what you were two minutes ago. That happy, that idealistic. He sounded as if it were something that had been lost forever.But Rashel felt a fresh happiness, and a new confidence. He had changed. She could sense how much hehad changed already. They were in the real world, and he wasnt raving about needing to deplete her, or herneeding to kill him.I just wanted to be sure, she said. She tightened her own arms around him. I dont know whats goingto happen- just now as long as were good together, I think I can face it.I think we live or die together from now on, Quinn said simply.Yes, Rashel thought. She could still feel lingering trouble in Quinn, and confusion in herself, but theywere right together. She didnt need to doubt him anymore.They trusted each other.We have to do something about the people downstairs, she said.Yes.But we cant kill them.No. Theres been complete killing. It has to stop. Quinn sounded like a swimmer whod been tumbling ina riptide, and whose feet had finally found solid ground.Rashel sat up to look at him. But we cant just let them walk out of here. What if they try it again? Imean, whoever rig this bloodfeast up She suddenly realized that she had asked everybody else, butnot him. Quinn, who did set this up?He smiled, a faint echo of his old savage smile. Now it was grim and self-mocking. I dont know.You dont know?Some vampire who wanted to get the madevampires together. But Ive never met him. Lily was the go-between, but Im not sure she knows either.She besides spoke to him on the phone. Neither of us asked a lot of questions. We were doing it for themoney. H e said it flatly, not sparing himself.And to be rebellious, Rashel thought. To be as bad and as damned as possible, because you figured you readiness as well. She said, Whoever it is might just go somewhere else and find mortal else to get hisslaves for him. Those seven guys could be having a new bloodfeast next month.That has to be stopped, too, Quinn said. How to stop it without power, thats the question. Hisfingers were still tight on Rashels, but he was staring into the distance, lost in grim and competentthought.It was a new side of Quinn. Rashel had seen him in almost every mood from despairing to manic, but shehad never worked with him before. Now she realized that he was going to make a strong and resourcefulally. Suddenly Quinn seemed to focus.Ive got it, he said. He smiled suddenly, mocking but without the bitterness. When violence wontwork, theres no other choice but to try persuasion.Thats not funny.Its not meant to be.Youre going to say, recreate dont kill any more yo ung girls?Im going to say, Please dont kill any moreyoung girls or Ill report you to the Joint Council. Listen, Rashel. He took her by the arms, his eyesflashing with excitement. I have some ascendency in the Night World-Im the Redfern heir. And hunting watchRedfern has more. Between us, we can make all kinds of trouble for these made vampires. But Fayth-afriend of mine-said they were all so powerful. In the effectiveness of the moment, Rashel almost missed thefact that shed just called Fayth her friend.Quinn was shaking his head. No, you have to understand. These arent rogues, theyre Night Worldcitizens. And what theyre doing is completely illegal. You cant just kill a bunch of girls from one athletic fieldwithout permission. Slaverys illegal, bloodfeasts are illegal. And no matter how powerful they are, theycant stand up against the Night World Council. But-We threaten them with exposure to the Council. With exposure to Hunter Redfern-and to the vampire.The lamia will go craz y at the thought of made vampires getting together in some kind of alliance. Theylltake it as a threat of civil war.It might work, Rashel was thinking. The made vampires were just individuals-theyd be up against wholelamia families. Especially against the Redfern family, the oldest and most respected clanof vampires. Everybodys s bangd of Hunter Redfern, she said slowly.Hes got tremendous influence. He practically owns the Council. He could run them out of the NightWorld if he wanted. I think theyll listen.You really do think of him as a father, dont you? Rashel said, her voice soft. She searched Quinnseyes. Whatever you say about hating him-you respect him.Hes not as bad as most. He has honor, I guess. Usually.And hes a New Englander, Rashel thought. That means hes against vice. She considered anothermoment, then she nodded. Her heart was beating fast, but she could feel a smile breaking on her face.Lets try persuasion.They stood-and then they paused a moment, looking at each other . Were strong, Rashel thought. Wevegot unity. If anyone can do this, we can.She picked up her knife almost absent-mindedly. It was a piece of art, a valued possession, and shedidnt want to lose it. They walked down the stairs side by side. euphony was still blasting from the gathering room at the end ofthe hall. It hadnt been that long, Rashel realized. The whole world had changed since shed been in thishallway-but somehow it had all happened in minutes.Now, Quinn said silently before they went in. There shouldnt be any danger-/ dont think theyll bestupid enough to attack me-but be alert anyway.Rashel nodded. She felt cool and businesslike, and she thought she was perfectly rational. It was onlylater that she realized they had walked into the room like little lambs into the tigers lair, still dizzy andreeling from the discovery of love.Quinn went in first and she could hear voices stop as he did. then(prenominal) she was walking through the door,into that ruddy flickering room wit h shadows dancing on the walls.And there they were again, those handsome young guys who looked like a TV-series ensemble. Theywere looking at Quinn with discordant expressions of interest and surprise. When they saw her, theexpressions sharpened to pleasure and inquiry. Hey, Quinn Hi there, Quinn.So youve arrived at last. Youve kept us waiting long enough. That from the dark one who waslooking at his watch. Quinn said, Turn off the music. Someone went to a built-in mahogany cabinet andturned off an expensive stereo.Quinn was looking around the room, as if to appraise each of them. Campbell, he said, noddingslightly. Radhu. Azarius. Max.So youre the one who brought us here, Campbell said. He had rusty hair and a sleepy smile. Weveall been dying to find out.Whos that? someone else added, peering at Rashel. The first course?Quinn smiled fractionally, with a look that made the guy whod asked step backward. No, shes notthe first course, he said softly. In fact, unfortunately, all the co urses have disappeared.There was a silence. Everyone stared at him. indeed the guy with the silver-blond hair said, What?Theyve all-just-disappeared. Quinn made an expressive gesture. Escaped. Vanished.Another silence. Rashel didnt like this one. She was beginning to get an odd impression from the group,as if she were in a room, not with people, but with animals that had been kept past their feeding time.What the hell are you talking about? the dark one, the one Quinn had called Azarius, said tightly.What kind of lampoon is this? Campbell added.Its not a joke. The girls who were brought for the bloodfeast are gone, Quinn said slowly anddistinctly, just in case anybody hadnt gotten it yet. Then he said, And as a matter of fact, its a inviolablething. A good thing? Quinn, were starving.They cant have gone too far, the silver blond said. After all, its an island. Lets go and- Nobodysgoing anywhere, Quinn said. Rashelmoved closer to him. She was still nervous. These guys were on the edge of getting out of control. Butshe trusted Quinn, and she could tell theywere afraid of him. And, she told herself, theyll beeven more afraid in a minute. Look, Quinn, if you brought us here to- I didnt bring you here. In fact, Idont know who brought you here, but it doesnt matter. Ive got the same thing to say to all of you. Thereisnt going to be any bloodfeast, now or ever. And anybody who objects to that can take their problemto the Council.That shut everyone up. They simply stared at Quinn. It was clearly the last thing they expected.In fact, if you dont want the Council to hear about this, Id hint everybody to go home quietly andpretend it never happened. And to have a headache the next time anybody asks you to a bloodfeast.This silence was broken by somebody muttering, You dirtyMeanwhile, Rashels mind had begun to tick. Just how were these guys going to go home quietly? Therewerent any boats. Unless the host brought one when he came-if he came. And where was he, anyway?An d where was Lily?Quinn, she said softly.But somebody else was speaking. Youd tell the Council? a lean tough-looking guy with brown hairasked.No, Id let Hunter Redfern tell the Council, Quinn said. And I dont really think you want that. Hemight put it in a bad light. Raise your hands everybody who thinks Hunter Redfern would approve of thislittle party.Do I get a vote?The voice came from the doorway. It was deeper than the voices of the young guys in the room. Rashelrecognized the sound of danger instinctively and turned. And later it seemed to her that even before sheturned, she knew what she would see.A tall man stand easily, with a girl and a small fry behind him in the shadows. He was colored by theflickering ruby light of the fire, but Rashel could still see that his hair was red as blood. And his eyes were meretricious.Golden like hawks eyes, like amber. Like Lily Redferns eyes. Why hadnt she realized that before?The face was a face she would never forget. It came to her ever y night in her dreams. It was the manwhod killed her mother. The man whod chased her through the climbing structure, promising her icecream. All at once, Rashel was five years old again, weak and helpless and terrified.Hello, Quinn, Hunter Redfern said.Quinn was absolutely still beside Rashel. She had the feeling that he couldnt even think. And sheunderstood why. Shed seen into his mind she knew what Hunter represented to him. Stern necessity,even ruthlessness, but honor, too. And he was just now finding out that that was all a lie.Dont look so upset, Hunter said. He stepped forward with an amiable smile. His golden eyes werefixed on Quinn he hadnt even glanced at Rashel yet. Theres a reason for all this. He gestured to thevampires in the room, and his voice was gentle, rational. We need allies in the Councilthe lamia are getting too lax. Once Ive explained it all to you, youll understand.The way hed made Quinn understand that Quinn had to be a vampire, Rashel thought. The way hedma de Quinn understand that humans were the enemy.She was shaking all over, but there was a white-hot fire inside her that burned through the fear.Was there a reason for killing my mother? she said.The golden eyes turned toward her. Hunter looked mildly startled. Beside her, Quinns head jerkedaround.I was only five, but I remember it all, Rashel said. She took a step closer to Hunter. You killed herjust like that-snapped her neck. Was there a reason for killing Timmy? He was four years old and youdrank his blood. Was there a reason for killing my great-aunt? You set a fire to get me, but it got her.She stopped, staring into those predatory golden eyes. Shed searched for this man for twelve years, andnow he didnt seem to recognize her. Whats wrong, did you hunt too many little kids to keep track of?she said. Or are you so crazy you believe your own public image?Quinn whispered, RashelShe turned. Im sure. He was the one.In that instant, she saw Quinns face harden implacably against the m an whod made him a Red-fern. Hiseyes went dark as black holes-no lightescaped. Rashel suddenly had the feeling of glacial cold. Look into eyes like that and what you sawalone might kill you, she thought.But she had her own fire inside her, her own vengeance. The knife was in her waistband. If she couldjust get close enough. She moved toward Hunter Redfern again. You destroyed my life. And youdont even remember, do you? I remember, the little shadow beside him said. And then the worldflipped and Rashel felt the floor slipping away from her. The child behind Hunter was walking into thelight-and suddenly she could smell plastic and old socks, and she could feel vinyl under her hands.Memories were flooding up so quickly that she was drowning in them.All she could say was Oh, Timmy. Oh, God, Timmy. He was standing there, just as shed seen him last, twelve years ago. Shiny dark hair and wide tilted blueeyes. provided that the eyes werent exactly a childs eyes. They were some strange and terriblecombination of child and adult. There was too much knowledge in them.You left me, Timmy said. You didnt care about me.Rashel sank her teeth into her lip, but tears spilled anyway. Im sorryNobody cared about me, Timmy said. He reached up to take Hunters sleeve. No humans, anyway.Humans are vermin. He smiled his old sweet smile.Hunter looked down at Timmy, then up at Quinn. Its amazing how quickly they learn. You havent metTimmy, have you? Hes been living in Vegas, but I think he can be useful here. He turned to Rashel andhis eyes were pure evil. Of course I remember you. Its just that youve changed a little youve gottenolder. Youre contrastive from us, you see.Youre weak, Lily put in. She had stepped forward, too, to stand beside her father. Now she linkedher arm in his. Youre short-lived. Youre not very bright, and not very important. In a word, youredinner.Hunter smiled. Well put. Then he dropped the smile and said to Quinn, Step away from her, son.Quinn moved slightly, cl oser to Rashel. This is my soulmate, he said, in his softest and most disturbingvoice. And were leaving together.Hunter Redfern stared at him for some(prenominal) long moments. Something like disbelief flickered in his eyes.Then he recovered and said quietly, What a shame.Behind Rashel there were noises of stirring. It was as if a hot poke from the savanna had blown in, andthe lions had caught its scent.You know, I was already worried about you, Quinn, Hunter said. Last summer you let Ash and hissisters get away with running out on the enclave. Dont think I didnt notice that. Youre getting lax, gettingsoft. Theres too much of that going around lately.Stand back to back, Quinn told Rashel. She was already moving into position. The vampires wereforming a ring, encircling them. She could see smiles on every face.And Lily says youve been strange these last few days-moody. She said you seemed preoccupied witha human girl.Rashel drew her knife. The vampires were watching her with the fi xed forethought of big felines watchingtheir prey. Absolute focus.But the soulmate idea-thats really the last straw. Its like a disease infecting our people. You understandwhy I have to stamp it out. Hunter paused. For old times sake, lets finish this quickly.A voice that wasnt Quinns added in Rashels mind, / told you Id see you later.Rashel stood on the balls of her feet, letting Hunters words slide off her and drip away. She couldntthink about him right now. She had to concentrate on awareness, open her energy, and free her mind.This was going to be the biggest fight of her fife, and she needed zanshin.But even as she found it, a small voice inside her was whispering the truth. There were simply too manyvampires. She and Quinn couldnt hold them all off at once.

Critically Examine the Arguments for and Against Deliberately Trying to Change Organizations

Assessed Essay OC4 Criti seey examine the arguments for and against designedly trying to castrate organizations basis Before we begin to look whether it is a deservingwhile exercise to seek to alteration an organisation through a planned nestle we must head start begin with a commentary of our terms. What might we mean by deliberate, transform and an organisation To do so will help us look for under what circumstances planned adjustment over may be worthwhile or even practicable. Huczynski & Buchanan (1991) define organizations as social arrangements for the check outled performance of collective goals.This definition fits well those who would propose a deliberate tilt border on as it suggests an element of control of the organisation is possible. It to a fault pictures the organisation as a develop entity whose goal is to control and that on that point is agreement by the members on what these goals should be. The fits with the roots of Organisational Development that the performance of the organisation can be enhanced by exerting control in both(prenominal) way over the structures, routinees and individuals that make up the organisation.Some would take issue however with the concept of the organisation as a seperate entity Morgan (1986) organizations ar hard and paradoxical phenomena that can be understood in different slipway thus transpose of the organisation is a much more complex issue. In Morgans view, the idea that we can identify the elements that make up the organisation, in the same way that you might dismantle a machine, does not allow for the complexity that exists. As our view of the organisation affects our perspective our definition of the type of change we be examining will also affect the scope of our investigation.Schein (1969) defines change as the debut of new patterns of action, belief and attitudes among substantial segments of the population. diversity is something that is started by some unity (a change age nt), but does not necessarily need to involve everyone. For Schein, change is abstruse rooted in that it goes beyond the surface level change of process and goes to the core of behaviour beliefs and attitudes. Lippett (1973) uses a broader definition any planned or unwitting alteration to the status quo.We will explore whether, using such a broad definition, the planned approach might be more sufficient to specific contexts. Our final term in need of definition is deliberate change. interbreeding & Ford (1995) define this as when a change agent deliberately and consciously sets out to establish conditions and circumstances that are different from what they are now and then accomplishes that through some set or series of actions and interventions every singularly or in collaboration with other people.Thus deliberate change involves intent that distinguishes it from change which is not consciously produced and instead occurs as a series of side effects, accidents or unanticipate d consequences of actions. The Arguments for Deliberate Change 1. Performance is enhanced by the controlled introduction of change sort of than allowing it to happen haphazardly. It is worth noting that the classical approach, from which this argument derives, was developed during a period when the coverment approach was fairly reactive and adhoc.The scientific approach to management was an attempt to create locate and efficiency. Fayol (1949), suggested the subprogram of mangers is to plan, organise, command, co-ordinate and control. Critics of the approach would attack the concept of leadership portrayed by Fayol and others e. g. Collins who speaks of Level 5 leaders who are more servants than charismatic controllers those who would look in the mirror when performance dips and praise their team for the successes get throughd. Those who would act more as facilitators than controllers.There is also wider upbraiding of the popular opinion that planned change is good for orga nisations per se. This seems to be a notion that permeates much of OD literature, that individuals need to be controlled for change to be effective.. Croch et al challenges the view that because leaders see singular turbulence they act as a buffer to the organisation to minimise this by resistance, denial or inaction. Leaders are inherently obstructionist in their stance. Burnes & Stalker (1961) found that quite an than act as a blocker to change leaders seized the opportunity to initiate action.Thus one could argue that rather than needing to control individual action it may be more assign to allow individuals the freedom to seize the opportunities that prevail around them. One could also top dog the view that planned change is more effective than unplanned change. Studies examining the success of transformations have suggested that 66% of organisations fail in their change efforts (Sturdy 7 Grey (2003) 2. Change now takes place at an ever accelerating rate, if managers do not plan how to deal with change there is a danger that the organisation will be driven by vagaries of its environment.Some critics would question the notion that change is as rapid and all pervasive as some writers would suggest. Weick (1985) would argue that the turbulence is further created in the perception of those who create the turbulence rather than by the events themselves. One could argue that rather than planned change perhaps there is a call for planned stability. Individuals may be getting tired of the changes that are imposed upon them and instead seek stability in their environment.Some would argue change has always been with us, others would argue that stability is equally as prevalent. The notion that change is a given is built on Darwinian concept that all things evolve in a common way to attain improved circumstances. 3. Planned change is the most effective way to deliver the performance as organisations need prospicient term strategical plans to modify them to at tain the results they require. This build from a top down view of the organisation guided by a group of sage individuals who make decisions for the good of the organsiation and its members.Taylor (1911) and his scientific view of management the work of everyman is fully planned out by management supported the concept of leaders as rational decision makers, fully able to plan every task of the workers who in turn simply carried out the tasks assigned to them. John Harvey-Jones and would support this managerialist arrangement by building a picture of the hero manager fully capable of implementing any change they see fit. The argument also portrays the change process itself as rational capable of being controlled e. g.Leighs (1988) who identifies a list of internal and external triggers to change that can enable the control to take place. Pettigrew (1985) criticises the approach for taking an acontextual, atheoretical and aprocessual stance organisations are not this independent ent ity that the writers suggest. Clegg (1990) suggests organisations are embedded in a network of wider social relationships. Organisations dont just domicile in an environment they are part of its fabric. Thus even if the leaders have the skills the control of the complexity would be beyond them.There is also critique pop the questioned at the conjecture that planned change results in the intended outcomes. Grevenhoest et al (2003) The outcome of the change process is often different from what was planned and new projects are often started before previous ones have finished properly Other studies have questioned the success rate of planned change in achieving their initial goals. What would be the success rate of unplanned change? How much change takes place as a reaction of internal and external forces rather than through some strategic planning process? 3.Planned change enables the change agent and those implementing the change to take into account a range of issues that would n ot otherwise be included. Although this may be true it does not necessarily follow that this means they are able to influence or control these factors. The argument, by adopting a scientific approach assumes that by identifying the issues the individuals then have the skills and ability to manipulate the issues to make the change more effective. such(prenominal) capacity, even if it is possible, presumes highly sophisticated skills. Would the individuals possess such skills? . Planned change enables leaders of the change to ensure that the changes are introduced in such a way that they are accepted by the individuals within the organisation. Ford & Ford (1995) point to the power of communicating in driving change. everything, including prevailing conditions and circumstances, is seen as created by and in communication in the absence of communication there is no intentional change. Such communications follow fairly simple patterns and the drivers of change can use different types of conversation to make the changes happen.At a more macro Level Lewin (1951) placed the individual in the group to which they belong which forms the individuals perceptions, feelings and actions. He maintained the status quo is held together by various survey forces which, when identified could be strengthened or diminished to bring about the necessary change. By unfreezing the status quo, then moving to the new state and ultimately re freezing the changes become effective. These concepts seem to adopt a rather simplified view of individual behaviour and of the change process itself. They imply change can be mapped as a set of stages hat individuals go through and which can then be planned and controlled, e. g. by the use of communication techniques. Bandura (1986) questions this simplistic approach to individual behaviour and instead proposes a social cognitive view people are neither driven by intragroup forces nor automatically shaped and controlled by external stimulibehaviou r, cognitive and other personal forces and environmental events all operate as interacting determinants of each other. Arguments against Planned Change Burnes and Salauroo (1995) aim four criticisms at the planned change approach 1.Much of OD on which it is based was designed for top-down, autocratic rule based organisations, which operated in a predictable and stable environment. Such a picture of the organisation is one that the management Gurus of the 1980s and 1990s fought against (Peters & Waterman, Kanter) arguing instead for an organisation that was shadower up, that was built around team working rather than hierarchy. Involving matrix management and extended spans of control rather than vast hierarchical structures to exercises control over the workers. practised (2001) now argues that such vast hierarchical organisations will be few in numbers and instead the workforce will be epitomised by fleas animated in some symbiotic relationship but over whom the large organisation s have little control. Thus one should not attempt to apply the principles to a business environment that undergoes constant change and whose watchwords are consultation and facilitation rather than authority and control. However to suggest that all organisations have moved away from a top down, autocratic stance is perhaps a little naive.Many may advocate a consultative approach but it is still the visiting card of directors who make the strategic decisions. There is also the argument highlighted previously that the notion of rapid continual change is one of perception rather than concrete reality. 2. The steering of planned change tends to be on incremental change, taking place through a series of defined and controllable phases (Lewin) and so it is unable to constitute radical transformational change (Schein) Planned change involves detailed diagnosis of the issues, action and then evaluation before further action and evaluation in an iterative aspect cycle.It recognises chan ge needs to be self-sustaining. Quinn (1980) draws a picture of the executive who seeks out, through various channels, a range of data before proactively taking steps to enter support, form coalitions, and constantly re evaluate the direction of the organisation as he moved it gradually in the direction he seeks. Such planned change, could be very costly and labour intensive. Payne & Reddins study of a major change at a tobacco factory measured the cost as 25-person manager years of OD.Is such a cost justified in light of the research that suggests much of the changes would prove ineffective? In the case of rapid, radical change a coercive approach might be more appropriate than the planned approach. Does change really take place in such a controlled, phased way? Are change agents able to introduce change in such a controlled way? What about the role of power and politics? Buchanan & Badham suggested that politics is a reality and by necessity change agents have to get involved ot herwise the changes are likely to fail.However, would the change agent have the skills to engage in such behaviour successfully? If the change involves coating change, difficulties start at the analysis stage as culture is difficult to define therefore how can you then plan to make changes? Where would the start and end point be and how would you evaluate the differences? 3. Planned change makes the assumption that there is common agreement between all parties and that they all have a willingness and interest in making the changes.It seems to adopt a unitarist approach to change that suggests organisations are essentially co operative, that little conflict exists amongst the members on the overall aims of the organisation. Both the pluralist and radical tames would argue much conflict exists in reality. The radical school might go as far as to suggest that the workers need protection from management, as the drivers of the two groups are completely different. Certainly the planned approach seems to view the managers as rational, altruistic individuals who always act for the good of the organisation and its members.Bowman C. (1999) suggests that changes to the status quo tend to emerge from action and rarely come from strategic analysis. It is far better then for changes to take place as a stream of decisions over time than agreeing some common vision of the outcomes intended by the changes. The Marxist view would challenge this by suggesting that as their focus is on increasing profits, by necessity that involves the exploitation of the members of the organisation. 4.The planned approach assumes the approach is suitable for all organisations. Pettigrew & Whipp (1991) instead suggest that no such universal rules exist and leading change actually involves a flow of actions that need to be appropriate to the context rather then working through some recipe for success as is suggested by some texts e. g. Leighs (1988) Effective change twenty ways to make it happen Pettigrew (1985) criticises the approach for concentrating on change episodes rather than the processual dynamics of changing.Few have undertaken longitudinal studies to explore the process of change which would enable you to place the changes in the context within which they occur For Pettigrew it is these structures and contexts which give the changes form, meaning and dynamic. He also criticises planned change for assuming managers work to achieve an end state that is knowable and achievable whereas change is a complex process that doesnt occur in bite size chunks. You need to explore the process of changing and not just the change itself.This is perhaps rather a harsh criticism, as it was not suggested that the approach would suit all situations at all times. In fact the focus is very much on incremental change however even here critics question the basic tenets of the approach built on the idea that change takes place as a steady flow of incremental changes towards a common go al. Gersick (1991) suggests a punctuated equilibrium figure of speech through which to view change to challenge the view that individual systems develop along the same path.Gersick proposes the notion of periods of equilibrium punctuated by revolutionary periods that cause upthrow in the change process rather than some gradual incremental step to the end goal. Van de Van & Poole (1995) suggest that rather than take the one shoe fits all approach we need to look at the different perspectives through which writers view change and explore where they are inter related. One could also argue that the planned approach to change suggests that conflict needs to be eliminated and organisations need to strive for a smooth transition from one state to another.The notion goes back to the notion that change occurs in phases and the concept that individuals reaction hen faced with change is to attempt to block it. There has also been much criticism of the planned approach in that, although it at tempts to tackle how to implement change when it comes to specific guidance the writers provide little substance. Recipes for success do exist however they are very general in their approach e. g.The planned approach seems to view change as episodic, the result being that it takes the view that the organisation exists in a stable environment which is interrupted by periods of change which need to be controlled to ensure a smooth transition from one state to another and compensate the stability. The role of the change agent is to create the change by focusing on leverage points that will help ensure any conflict is resolved. It is possible however to take a different perspective Weick & Quinn (1999) Organisations are not specific entities but social processes, which are emergent and constantly changing rather than inert.Change instead of punctuated equilibrium is a pattern of endless incremental modifications that is driven by a range of internal and external forces. As such rather than using a set recipe for success the individuals involved in the change need a vast range of skills to enable them to set to the forces affecting them. Change is not an end state but a process that is cyclical. The role of the change agent is to facilitate rather than create, to redirect the change that already takes place rather than create change.However Weick and Quinn argue that because episodic change examines change at the macro level and continuous change at the micro level it is possible to reconcile the two approaches. Change is a mixture of reactive and proactive modifications, guided by purposes at hand, rather than an sporadic interruption of periods of convergence. Collins (1998) change and tenacity are not alternative objective states. Because they are typically coexistentwhat constitutes change or continuity is perspective dependentOne could ask the question Do managers need to learn how to manage change or enhance stability and learn to manage continuity if th ey want to survive? References Armenakis, A. A. and Bedeian A. G. (1999) system of rulesal Change a follow of Theory and research in the 1990s. Journal of Management 25 (3) 293-315. Bandura, A. 1986 Social Foundations of judgment and Action a social cognitive theory. Bowman, C. (1999) Action Led strategy and managerial self-confidence. Journal of Managerial psychological science 7/8 555-568. Buchanan, D. and Badham, R (1999) politics and organizational change the lived experience.Human Relations 52 (5) 609-629. Burnes, B. 2000 Managing change a strategic approach to organisational dynamics. Collins, D. (1998) Organizational Change Sociological Perspectives. Doolin, B. (2003) Narratives of Change Discourse, Technology and Organization Organization 10 (4). Ford, J. D. and Ford, L. W. (1995) The role of conversations in producing intentional change in organizations. 20 (3) 541-570. Francis. H and Sinclair. J. (2003) A processual analysis of HRM-based change. Organization 10 (4) 68 5-700. Gersick, C. J. G. 1991) Revolutionary change theories a multilevel exploration of the punctuated equilibrium paradigm. Academy of Management Review 16 (1) 10-36. Gravenhorst, K. M. B. Werkman, R. A. & Boonstra. J. J. (2003) The change capacity of Organisations general assessment and Five Configurations. Applied Psychology 52 (1) 83-105. Greenwood, R. and Hinings, C. R. (1996) Understanding radical Organizational Change Bringing together the old and new institutionalism. Academy of Management Review 21 (4) 1022-1054. Hardy, C. (1996) Understanding source bringing about strategic change.British Journal of Management 7 (special issue)S3-S16. Hoskings, D. M. and Anderson, N 1992 Organizational change and innovation Psychological perspectives and practices in Europe. Petigrew, A. and Whipp, R,1993 Managing Change for warlike success. Pettigrew et al (2001) Studying Organizational Change and development Challenges for future research. Academy of Management Journal 44 (4) 697-713 Quinn, J. B. (1980) Managing strategic change. Sloan Management Review 21 (4) 67-86. Rajagopalan, N. and Spreitzer, G. M. 1996 Toward a theory of strategic change a multi-lens perspective and integrative framework.Academy of Management Review 22 (1) 48-79. Sturdy, A. and Grey , C. (2003) Beneath and Beyond organizational change management exploring alternatives 10 (4) 651-662. Tsoukas, H. (1998) Chaos, complexity and organization theory Organization 5 (3) 291-313. Van de Van A. H. and Poole, M. S. (1995). Explaining development and change in Organizations. Academy of Management Review 20 (3) 510-540. Weick, K. E. and Quinn, R. E. (1999) Organizational change and development. Annual Review of Psychology 50 361-386. Weick K. E. (2000) Emergent Change as a universal in organizations in rift the code

Kraft Food Company

kraft Food Company was founded by James Kraft in 1903. Kraft started off by selling wholesale cheese in Chicago, they later expanded, distributing to over 30 specialty cheeses under the name Kraft and Elkhorn. By 1920 Kraft began to mass take a crap specialty cheeses which were then exported to Canada and Europe. They later established plants in England and Germany. James Krafts development to new products and the use of innovative advertising methods led Kraft to be an early user of all communications media and as early as 1911 they were advertising on Chicago elevated trains, using outdoor billboards and send out circulars to retail grocers.Kraft was also the first to use colored advertisement in national magazines. By 1933 Kraft began using radio for advertising as well. Krafts innovation is also witnessed by the introduction of products such as Velveeta in 1928, Miracle Whip salad dressing in 1933, Kraft macaroni and cheese dinner in 1936, Parkay margarine in 1940, sliced pro cessed cheese in 1951, and Cheez Whiz in 1952. Kraft is primarily operated as a subsidiary to opposite larger corporations, the first being National Dairy Company in 1930.Kraft was later purchased by Philip Morris in 1988 for twelve million, nine hundred jet dollars. Morris then merged Kraft with General Foods unit in 1989, creating one entity known as Kraft General Foods Inc. , do it the largest food company in the United States and the second largest in the world. Philip Morris then acquired Nabisco in December 2000 and immediately began to integrate it into the operations of Kraft Foods and Kraft Foods International.In 2001 Philip Morris created a new keeping company for the combined operations know as Kraft Food Inc.. Kraft Food then had two main units, Kraft Food northeast America and Kraft Foods International with 2 chief executive officers (CEOs) Betsy D. Holden and Roger K. Deromedi respectively were name co-CEOs of Kraft Foods Inc.. In June of 2001 Philip Morris sold 1 6. 1 percent stake to the public, making it the second largest initial public offering in United States history.

Speech Fast Food

McDunn Persuasive speech outline Eating Fast Food Introduction Relevance You any have probably experienced spry sustenance sometime throughout your life. Credibility The first thing that comes to mind when mentioning straightaway feed is greasy, oily, unhealthy garb, to that extent most of us consume junk nutrition on a daily basis anyway. There are over 300,000 different fast food restaurants in the US. People frequent them because of convenience (quick and unremarkably cheap). In such a fast-paced society, people are eating more fast food than ever before (Stefanov, Sebastien).Purpose To persuade people non to eat fast food. Preview I am now going to inform you somewhat what fast food is, what a typical meal contains, why fast food is unhealthy. Body I. A. What is fast food? 1. Fast food is any food that is quick, convenient, and usually inexpensive (Fast Food Facts). a. Fast food is the term foxn to food that can be prepared and served very quickly. The term fast food r efers to precook foods such as fries or pizza that typically must be used within a few hours, or they become change out and unpalatable (Ali, Sam). b.Fast food places like McDonalds, Burger King, Jack-in-the-box, Wendys, Whataburger, etc. , are all considered fast food restaurants. II. A. A typical meal and some facts 1. According to the nutritionary Facts that are posted on McDonalds web site, one Big Mac contains 540 calories and 29 grams of fat, which is 45 percent of the national recommended daily value based on a 2,000-calorie diet, according to McDonalds. One large order of fries contains 500 calories and 25 grams of fat, which is 38 percent of the recommended daily value. The 32-ounce Coca-Cola Classic adds another 310 calories (Ali, Sam). . Harvested potatoes contain about 80 percent water. What makes them into fries is when most of this water is removed and replaced with fat. Americans, on average, eat 30 pounds of these fat-enriched potatoes per year (Ali, Sam). b. The n ew KFC Double Down sandwich, which debuted in April, features two fried chicken filets in place of bread, two pieces of bacon, two melted slices of Monterey Jack and pepper jack cheese and Colonels Sauce. The Double Down contains 540 calories and 32 grams of fat. It overly has 1,380 milligrams of sodium (1,430 milligrams grilled).Thats approaching the American Heart Associations recommended daily limit for adults of 1,500 milligrams of sodium (Ali, Sam). 2. Facts about fast food a. Did you know that most Americans eat three burgers a week and that 81% of Americans consume junk food while driving? It comes as no surprise, since people spend more time on the path nowadays (Stefanov, Sebastien). b. Each day, 1 in 4 Americans visits a fast food restaurant (Fast food facts). c. McDonalds feeds more than 46 million people a day more than the entire population of Spain (Fast food facts).Transition Sentence Fast food is very dangerous towards your health and can lead to many deadly eff ects. III. A. Why fast food is unhealthy 1. However, while these products might look appealing and tasty, they contain a wealth of hidden heath hazards which are not only dangerous if eaten in large quantities but are a major cause of obesity, especially in children (White, Janice). a. You are doing the following things to your system by consuming fast food (White, Janice) Raising your blood pressure Increasing the levels of bad (LDL) cholesterol Delaying your metabolic rate (the rate at which you digest, process and rule in food) Weakening your immune system Destabilizing your blood sugar levels Reducing the ability of your colon to function properly b. The effects of fast food include nutritionary deficiencies, obesity, increased cholesterol levels, cardiac problems and many other threatening heath hazards (Manohar, Uttara). c. Eating fast foods can also lead to an unhealthy lifestyle. d.Eating fast food and leading a sedentary lifestyle leads to obesity. Obesity leads to other complications like increase in the cholesterol level, blocking of the arteries, the increased risk of coronary diseases, in addition to the general physical discomfort posed by the extra weight. Fast food is also addictive and hence it is very difficult to give up on their greasy and fatty foods and carbonated drinks and switch to healthier options (Manohar, Uttara). Transition sentence Fast food can cause many concerns to your body and lead to a unhealthy life.Summary Overall, fast food can damage your health and shorten your life. Eating fast food can lead to choke arteries, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and many other health concerns you could not even think of. Concluding Device If you are on the road, and ask to stop to get a bite to eat, try to protect your health and not eat fast food. Works Cited Sam Ali Apr, and 2010. What Is Fast Food? DiversityInc. com. DiversityInc pagan Diversity Diversity Management Workplace Diversity Workforce Diversity. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. Fast Food Facts. Center for Young Womens Health. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. . Fast food facts from the overseer Size Me Web site . The VivaVegie Society, Inc. . N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. Manohar, Uttara. Fast Food Facts Effects of Fast Food. Buzzle Web Portal Intelligent Life on the Web. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. . Stefanov, Sebastien. fast food calories AskMen. AskMen Mens Online Magazine. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. . White, Janice. Why Fast Food is Bad for You. HubPages. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Apr. 2011. .

Reading a Book or Watching Its Adaptation: Which Is Better?

Reading a word of honor or watching its adaptationWhichis better? When a film is made from a give-and-take, it is calledan adaptation. From the beginning, film-makers codmade films based on novels, short stories, biographies and playsof these adaptations,novelshave always been the most popular choice (Difference). And what are the main differences between books and adaptations? Films have limited time, whereas books raft be lengthy, so books can develop more than of a plot and characterization.A classic complaint about movie versions concerns the omission of material that the reader finds important. If the handler must make a film that is the proper length for a theatrical release, there is no way to include constantlyything, especially when it comes from a massive novel. Some people consider this an advantage of adaptations others, on the contrary, find it a great disadvantage. Here are two minds of people discussing Peter Jacksons Fellowship of the Ring in the comments on WiseGEEK website.Anon272367 writes Imagine, for example, a Fellowship of the Ring sic movie that covered every single damn detail in the book. bank me when I say this I wouldnt watch it (Better). His opponent, anon260109, writes Jacksons ear was deaf to Tolkiens elaborately crafted back story of ancient mysteries and he threw away their music, not realising that the books are hostile any other fantasy novel in that they were written by a man who constructed them on an intimate knowledge of the Old English language, mythology and storytelling (Better).One more difference is that books require the reader to use his or her imagination to visualize what is happening while films normally visualize it for the viewer. Films leave little to viewers imaginations. When reading, a soulfulness is creating his or her hold movie in a sense, and he or she decides many of the important parts how the characters speak, what they look like, and what their surroundings look like. Hr30 expresses the same opinion Often when a writer uses description, the way I imagined it is uttermost different to the way it is interpreted in the film.I think the beauty of books is that you can develop your own way of thinking about them, whereas often (though not always) a film directs you into one way of thinking (Prefer). Films have one thing that is a book cannot sound. Music, environmental sounds and sound effects make adaptations thrilling and interesting. Even some boring (in my personal opinion) episodes from books, such as battles of war, look fascinating in films. in that location is no right answer to the question stated in the title of this text, and there is no common opinion.There are people who prefer books for example lou1987 wrote the spare-time activity I prefer the books. I suppose, sic one of the main reasons is that the books are what the films are based on, and so contain far more detail than can ever be portrayed in a film. Also, films present to you what is happening visually, and for me, I prefer to read a book and create the setting and build characters in my head (Prefer). Some people, though there are few of them, choose films. Anon122072 writes i sic think movies are better because its easier with a visual aid (Better).But the legal age of people like both books and their adaptations. Anon272367 Reading for me is not more enjoyable than watching a movie. They are on 100 percent equal footing. wherefore would anyone ever in a million years walk into a theater and expect a similar experience to opening a book? Its foolish to expect them to be the same (Better). Sometimes people who prefer books admit that there are good adaptations I guess what Im trying to say is that sometimesmoviesdoget it right.There are quite a few examples that fall into this category TheWizard of Oz,The Lord of the Rings, andGone With the wormare ones that spring to mind (Page). To my mind, books are better than films because watching a movie is almost always a pass ive experience, so there is far less thought process involved. I like closing the book and thinking about the problems it deals with. Dont get me wrong I love watching movies, notwithstanding nine times out of ten, watching movie adaptations is disappointing. Sometimes it is bad to read a book before watching its adaptation, but it is even worsened to read after youve watchedthe movie.So I still read books and watch adaptations and try to find something good in every version. Works Cited 1) Book Adaptations From the Page to the grownup Screen. Bookosaur. Web. 17 Nov. 2012 http//www. thebookosaur. com/2012/01/book-adaptations-from-the-page-to-the-big-screen/ 2) Books vs. Movie Adaptations which do you prefer? The Student Room. Web. 17 Nov. 2012 http//www. thestudentroom. co. uk/showthread. php? t =1982240 3) What is the difference between books and films? Kvenno Web. 17 Nov.

Passing-Death of Clare Essay

The death of Clare at the end of Nella Larsens Passing though left unclear was, in my opinion, caused by Irene pushing her out of the window. Nella Larsen does not specify what exactly happened, plainly Irene pushing Clare out of the window seems standardized the intimately plausible one. I dont know whether Larsen intentionally left the ending so abruptly provided I just feel as if Irene was the one to kill Clare.Larsen makes this point clear through the phrasing she uses when describing the self-esteem destruction Irene undergoes once Clare has reinserted herself into Irenes life, and the situations Irene finds herself as a direct result of Clare. anterior to Clares reentrance into her life Irene is a self-assured, independent, and confident char however, she soon turns self-conscious, dependent, and hesitant. When viewing Clare at the hotel Irene is struck by Clares beauty stating, Shes really some similarly fine-looking (Larsen 27).The word good-looking shows that Clare is exquisite, however, it is the addition of the word too that indications that Irene feels inferior to Clares beauty. Clare embodies beauty, as she is too good-looking. When Clare requests her presence at tea era Irene fears Clare get out not believe that she had a previous engagement. Larsen writes, She was afraid Clare would not believe it (Larsen 27). It seems foolish that Irene should care what Clare believes of her integrity. Irenes self-esteem not only continues to deteriorate, but displays of internalized racism begin to present themselves through illogical thought and irrationality. Irene describes Brian in the same way she does Clare as, extremely good-looking (Larsen 77).Irene, does not view herself as good-looking, therefore she believes herself unworthy of Brian an extremely good-looking man, so she assumes Brian and Clare are engaging in an affair. Despite assurances from Brian that he does not view Clare as extraordinarily beautiful, Irene remains convinced that the y have engaged in a relationship. As an African-American woman Irene must contend with the ideology that she is not worthy because of her complexion.Clares presence in her life forces Irene to face feelings of inferiority. Though Clare is African-American she lives her life as a white woman. Irene no longer views Clare as African-American, but a white woman who threatens her life. White women are believed to be the epitome of beauty, so why would Brian, when presented with the best, not choose the finest option according to society? Larsen writes, Irene Redfield wished, for the first time in her life shehad not been born a Negro (151).Larsen includes the word first to inform readers that Clare is the cause for Irenes internalized racism. She had neer before contemplated what it would be like to have been born of another ethnicity. Clare forces Irene to feel inferior within her own home because she is not white. She is told everyday by society that she is inferior because of her ski n alter and now because of Clare she must return home and struggle with the knowledge she is not worthy of her husband because she is not white. While Clare never voices her emotions to Irene, she fears Clare though she never verbalizes this concomitant Larsen shows it by writing, A conviction that the words were intended as a warning took possession of Irene (Larsen 166). Irene is in her own home, yet she feels Clare somehow possessing her.Larsen creates an image of an vindicated person forced into a situation. The word possession implies a lack of choice and that Irene feels lesser. In Irenes eye Clare is not a woman who passes, but a white woman whose presence in her home threatens the comfort and security of her life. Irene has managed to eradicate all knowledge that Clare is actually a biracial woman passing as white, allowing her to see Clare as she views all white women in society, as threats. Larsen indications this when saying, she was aware that, to her, security was th e most important and desired thing in life (169). Towards the end of the book, after Irene runs into John Bellew, she begins to think about Clare and John divorcing.And Larsen writes, Then came a thought which she tried to drive away. If Clare should die Then Oh, it was too vile To think, yes, to wish that She felt faint and sick. But the thought stayed with her. She could not get rid of it (101). The thoughts that Larsen has Irene thinking makes it seem as if Irene wants Clare dead. If she really cared about her she would never have thought about her dying and if she had for some reason then the thought would not have stayed with her. Later on in the same scene, Larsen writes, She moody her face to into her pillow to cry. But no tears came (101). I think that if Irene really felt bad about her thoughts, she would have cried about it.When Irene finally completed that Clare had died she had so many thoughts in her head. Larsen writes, It was an accident, a terrible accident, she muttered fiercely. It was (112). The inclusion of that last line, the italicized was makes it seem as if Irene was trying to reassure herself that it wasnt her fault. And then she goes on thinking about whether sheshould have stayed or not because she knew that people would eventually find her body and ask questions.In a few sentences Larsen establishes that Irene is self-conscious about what Clare will think of her, dependent on the approval of Clare, and hesitant to make a decision for fear of what Clare might choose to believe. Irenes destruction continues as Clare inserts herself into Irenes inner circle of family and friends. Irene went from having a good head on her shoulders to becoming a paranoid jealous women which leads readers to believe that Irene pushed Clare.

Mudule guide

By the end of this module, successful students impart typically be able to demonstrate the ability to critically analyse and try the reality of complex IHRM and employment dealing issues from a variety of perspectives demonstrate the ability to relate theory to practice demonstrate the ability to evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of selected national HRI employment relations systems demonstrate the ability to undertake ystematic management research as required by module assessments and in- module participation, synthesise training and reference appropriately communicate efficaciously verbally and in writing demonstrate the ability to use initiative and independence in try and application. 3 Format of Delivery there is one lecture (1 hour) and one seminar (1 hour) per week. 4 How StudyNet will be employ to support this module StudyNet will be used for providing lecture notes and other materials relating to each session. These will be accessible prior to each lectu re. StudyNet will be used for all ommunication on the module. supererogatory reading and links to Journal articles will be put in the Additional Reading leaflet under Teaching Resources. You should consult this folder on a regular basis as the readin supports your module.Teaching methods used on this module The module will use a variety of teaching methods which include lectures, seminars and workshops. A feature of the module is the emphasis placed upon student presented seminars. Students are expected to participate fully in the module. Prior to each session, they are expected to familiarise themselves with the lecture topic by rawing upon the detailed control reading and to read selectively from the seminar reading list. In addition, they are encouraged to keep abreast of online events and be prepared to discuss these and their own work experiences (where appropriate) in the seminar groups. This variety of methods will enable students to in effect achieve the module learning outcomes.Students are expected to attend this module regularly as an necessary part of their learning lies not only in the lecture but also in the component that students make to the seminar programme. If students are unable to attend, they must advise the tutors. a Module schedule and lecture/seminar information In this section you will find a week by week schedule for this module. There is one lecture (1 hour) and one seminar (1 hour) per week. Please note that there are sometimes unforeseen circumstances, much(prenominal) as staff illness, that may necessitate communicate these changes to you in good time. The table below provides a summary of the teaching programme. You need to consult the full schedule for the directed reading.

The Coldest Winter Ever – Personal Reflection on Winter

Winter Santiago Isnt undecomposed a distinctive teenager. She Isnt typical at exclusively, she barely ever goes to school, she just now goes when she wants something. Her family life Is anything but typical, her begetter Is a extended drug dealer with a lot of money and her pay back Isnt take down like a mother to Winter, shes more Like a infant to her. Winter Is very self- absorbed she only worries about herself, even when her mom got shot In the face Winter gets jealous because she thinks her mothers hogging all the attention.She real only cares about herself. She is very street smart though, after her father goes to prison, her mother becomes a take apart head and her sisters go into care, Winter knew how to take care of herself, she knew what to do to survive on the streets without the help of her father. Shes through with(p) horrible things to survive and live the life she knew, like robbing people and betraying her family. Winter wouldnt make a unassailable vanqu ish friend at all I dont even think she would make a sound friend.She betrayed all of her friends one way or another, either by hooking up with their man because he had what she needed, or betraying Simons when she got arrested because she was telling for Winter, Simons was ready to confirm her baby and even though she said no, Winter persisted that she go and steal for her, because she wanted something, she didnt care that Simons was having a baby, if anything she employ it against her saying she would need the money that shes making stealing, for the baby, in the end Simons lost the baby, and in my opinion a lot of the blame should be on Winter.She may be a fun person to be around and go out with because she does know how to put up fun, but I would never want her as a friend because shes not loyal and she is untrustworthy.She does have a of of maturing to do though, so I really shouldnt judge too harshly, you stick out tell by the end of the book, when she Is In prison, and goes to her mothers funeral, shes a different person, her views on life are totally different, and when she sees her younger sister doing the same things she was doing she wants to stop her and tell her everything that she had gone through, but she held back knowing that it would only make her sister angry and make Winter look Jealous.I think that going to prison changed Winter In the best way, she was no longer the elf-absorbed, conceited ghetto-princess that she was before she had gone to prison, she actually grew up, and matured during her time In. The Coldest Winter eer Personal Reflection on Winter Santiago. By Joann Winter Santiago isnt Just a typical teenager. She isnt typical at all, she barely ever goes to school, she only goes when she wants something.Her family life is anything but typical, her father is a big drug dealer with a lot of money and her mother isnt even like a mother to Winter, shes more like a sister to her. Winter is very self- absorbed she only worries a bout herself, even when her mom got shot in the face Winter gets Jealous because she thinks her mothers hogging all the attention. She friend at all I dont even think she would make a good friend.She betrayed all of her didnt care that Simons was having a baby, if anything she used it against her saying untrustworthy. She does have a of of maturing to do though, so I really shouldnt judge too harshly, you can tell by the end of the book, when she is in prison, and goes I think that going to prison changed Winter in the best way, she was no longer the prison, she actually grew up, and matured during her time in.

Descriptive ethics Essay

cleanistic philosophy is the intentions, decisions and actions between a good choice and a no-account choice. Morality is the concerns beliefs according to good and bad behavior. Morality is something every single person has weather they are a good person of mention or a bad person of character. According to philosophy morals is morality. Ethics is a moral code the study of morality using tools and methods of philosophy. A moral is what you are taught and expendd. Some of the things we are taught and practice are right and wrong, good and bad.Although ethics are morals there are different types of ethics that go with the use of morality. Descriptive ethics, normative ethics, Meta ethics, applied ethics, and bio ethics. Descriptive ethics is the methodology of science at heart the study of morality peoples beliefs on morality. It helps to decided what people think is right. Normative ethics is justification of the moral standards of norms the ideal way people should act. The j ustification of basic moral beliefs is called Meta ethics. Meta ethics helps to define what is right. employ ethics are concepts and norms that are used to resolve practical moral issues. Applied ethics secernate us how do we take moral knowledge and put it into practice. Ethics that are focused on health care, medical science and medical technology are called bio ethics. Morality is the behavior as it is repair by these moral principles. Moral principles are personal conduct that is accepted by individuals or amic satisfactory groups. There four different types of moral principles autonomy, beneficence, utility and justice.One of the types of moral principles are autonomy is the understructure for determining moral responsibility for your own actions. Autonomy is referred to self-government of people. An example of autonomy is being able to direct whizs life and choose for them. charity is doing the good thing for others without doing harm to them. Beneficence is understood t o be the first principle of morality. It is to do well to others but avoid the bad that git come. The next moral principle plays a big part of creation and revaluation of health policies of institutions and society, this is called utility. public utility increases happiness and decreases suffering. Lastly is justice this is a concept based on ethics, law, religion and fairness. It is the right to defend people from basis discrimination of race gender sexual orientation age and ethnicity. In my tactile sensation moral principles should be an absolute consideration and not subjected to compromise although they are subjected to compromise. Autonomy is to direct ones life and chose for themselves, although some people are dependent on others and let others make decisions for them, it should be their own choice.

Burden Of Proof

It is a proof that should be proved by the somebody who do allegations. The upshot result be on a party to prove the allegations. So it is the responsibility of Plaintiff to establish the prima(predicate) facie evidence on the allegations made. But the responsibility is limited to civil laws only. In case of criminal cases, the burden will be on the State. The complainant must produce the evidence for the allegations made by him/her. nucleus OF PROOF IN THE BUSINESS Like in other, the business laws also require evidences when the allegations are made by plaintiff.If the business cases lead to civil nature the burden of proof lies on the complainant and whereas in the nature of criminal cases, the burden proof lies on the canvass authority or respective State. When the person not in a position to prove the allegation, the objection ceases to exist. Hence compliant become void and void. BURDEN OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL LAW When a crime has been committed, the criminal defines that in vestigating administration are responsible to arrest suspects, searching and investigating suspects, questioning of witnesses etc.Hence the burden of proof lies on the investigating authority but not on suspected person or victim. BURDEN OF PROOF IN LABOR LAWS Several labor laws exist that are based for workers protection i. e. Workers compensation, equal remuneration, minimum wages etc. All such laws must be complied by the employers. The burden of proof lies on the employers round compliance of labor laws. The creation of laws did not happen in a single day. Many centuries heterogeneous for the development of laws. When there was no law, the workers were paid the wages discriminating the men and women.Accordingly Equal Remuneration profess was established. Previously the wages were paid only and no compensations was paid for the persons who have met with illness or soil at work place. The workmen compensation Act established to provide the compensation to such workers. In s uch cases, when there is allegation, the employers having burden of proof that they have complied the laws. REFERENCES 1. http//www. answers. com/topic/burden-of-proof 2. http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/84967/burden-of-proof 3. http//www. gotovertime. com/law. html

Predatory pricing of petrol Essay

Supermarket price contends are putting Britains sensitive throttle stations aside of business at the site of maven a day. Sainsburys, Tesco, Asda and Morrisons have this year embarked on a war to attract hard-hit consumers and the price of fuel has been central to their campaign. Morrisons is offering loyalty points on its new fuel taunt while Asda has launched a price comparison app for mobile phones to convince shoppers it has the cheapest fuel. Both Sainsburys and Tesco have offered money-off vouchers for gun customers.The Retail Motor Industry Federation (RMI), a trade association representing the interests of 6 000 small petrol stations, is hoping the OFT inquiry will support its members, who believe that unfair and predatory pricing by the supermarkets and few major oil companies is making it impossible for them to compete. There are now about 8 000 small petrol retailers compared with 21 000 two decades ago and 40 000 in 1966. It predicts that in five years in that lo cation will be very few independent petrol retailers left.The OFT inquiry comes at a time when the supermarkets have proved particularly effective at building up a grand stake in the petrol market. With the recession dragging on, households are keen to save even one or two pence a litre, particularly those families whose livelihoods depend on the use of a car. Between June 2007 and June 2012 a period that sawconsiderable crude oil price volatility the price of petrol move by 38% while diesel rose by 45%.In 2011, supermarkets accounted for 45% of amount fuel sales from just 1 316 sites compared with 37.4 % in 2010. The OFT said the fuel market for Britains 33 million motorists is worth around 32 billion a year, and accounts for 5p in every 1 of household expenditure. But many have also blamed the Government and increases in fuel evaluate for soaring petrol prices. It takes 60% of the price of every litre of petrol in tax the highest rate in Europe.